野生新种小叶黄果枸杞保护效果及开发前景

通过对野生新种小叶黄果枸杞5年的围封保育措施,发现小叶黄果枸杞的平均密度、相对密度、相对盖度和相对高度表现较好,说明小叶黄果枸杞的生境受到了较好的保护。同时提出了开发前景及建议。     

杂交水稻种子不同活力测定方法与其田间成苗率的相关性

以3个杂交水稻品种不同活力水平的种子批为试验材料,比较了标准发芽试验、低温发芽测定和高温催芽试验3种活力测定方法,并将试验结果与田间成苗率进行相关性分析,发现标准发芽试验的发芽指标、低温发芽10 d的发芽率和高温催芽后的发芽率均与田间成苗率存在显著正相关关系,且高温催芽后的发芽率与田间成苗率相关系数最高。研究结果表明,高温催芽法可以作为杂交水稻种子活力测定的有效方法。     

有棱丝瓜的氮、磷、钾适用量研究

丝瓜是华南地区重要瓜类蔬菜品种,为获得其合理的氮、磷、钾肥施用量,拟通过珠江三角洲3个代表性蔬菜基地开展丝瓜氮、磷、钾肥效田间试验,获得肥料效应方程,求取最佳施肥量。试验结果表明,丝瓜获得高产和高效益要求氮、磷、钾合理配施;佛山、江门、广州3个试验点的理论施肥量N分别为15.0、23.0、12.5 kg/667 m^2;P2O5分别为11.0、11.0、8.0 kg/667 m^2;K2O分别为16.0、17.0、13.0 kg/667 m^2;氮、磷、钾肥施用量与试验地土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量有关,也与该地区产量水平的高低有关;一元二次效应方程中,3个试验点均是N效应的显著度相对最高;二元二次效应方程中,NP和NK效应的显著度较高,PK效应的显著度较低,说明氮素用量对丝瓜产量的影响大于磷素和钾素;3个试验点的三元二次效应方程中有2个达到极显著水平,说明试验结果基本可信。     

不同施肥处理对枳及柠檬容器苗生长的影响

研究9个不同施肥处理对枳及柠檬容器苗生长的影响。结果表明:不同施肥处理对枳容器苗的苗高、地径、分枝高度及嫁接后柠檬苗的发芽率、株高、茎粗、分枝数及生物量都存在显著差异;不同施肥处理对枳及柠檬容器苗综合表现最好的为T4(撒施柠檬专用肥1.6 g)处理,其次是T2(撒施尿素0.6 g)、T3(撒施柠檬专用肥0.8 g)处理,表现最差的是T8(浇施5%柠檬专用肥)和T7(浇施3%柠檬专用肥)处理。在一定施肥浓度范围内,施肥对嫁接后柠檬容器苗的生物量积累有明显促进作用。柠檬容器苗培育时建议采用在基质中撒施柠檬专用肥1.6 g。     

引发提高水稻劣变种子发芽率的蛋白质组学分析

引发处理是目前简便有效的提升种子发芽率和整齐度的方法,但引发提高水稻劣变种子发芽能力的机理并不清楚。利用蛋白质组学方法,分析清水引发和藤茶提取物二氢杨梅素引发2种处理方法与对照的差异蛋白,初步揭示引发提升种子发芽能力的机制。分析双向电泳图谱差异获得2倍以上显著差异蛋白点79个,通过MALDI TOF/TOF MS质谱分析鉴定出74个蛋白,其中2种引发处理与未引发对照相比同步上调或下调的共有蛋白,即引发相关蛋白有57个。分析引发相关蛋白可知,绝大多数的逆境防御蛋白类、能量相关蛋白类以及蛋白质合成和目标类蛋白丰度在引发处理中显著增加,推测引发提高种子发芽率的原因与逆境记忆、能量代谢活动和蛋白质合成能力增强等密切相关。     

大豆质核互作雄性不育系NJCMS1A与其保持系NJCMS1B的生理生化特性比较分析

以大豆质核互作雄性不育系NJCMS1A及其保持系NJCMS1B的花芽为试验材料,利用试剂盒法和紫外分光光度计测定分析了糖分含量(可溶性糖和淀粉)和总ATPase、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)、抗坏血酸氧化酶(AO)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及过氧化物酶(POD)等酶活性的变化情况。结果表明:相较于保持系NJCMS1B,总ATPase、PEPCK、AO和CAT活性在不育系NJCMS1A中显著下降;糖分含量、SPS和SOD活性在不育系NJCMS1A中下降水平不显著;POD活性在不育系NJCMS1A中显著上升。根据结果分析推测,与能量代谢或胁迫响应等相关的物质或酶活性在不育系NJCMS1A中的亏损现象可能是NJCMS1A花粉败育的主要原因。     

Development of plant‐based diets and the evaluation of dietary attractants for juvenile Florida pompano,Trachinotus carolinus L.

Sustainable and profitable commercial aquaculture production of marine fish species is dependent on the development of sustainable protein sources as substitutes for expensive animal meals such as fishmeal (FM). Previous Florida pompano Trachinotus carolinus studies have indicated that poultry by‐product meal (PBM) and meat and bone meal can be used to produce a FM‐free diet if suitable levels of nutrients (such as taurine) are included in the diets. In this study, we attempted to develop an all‐plant protein diet by removing the animal proteins in practical diets for pompano by substituting back select ingredients. A series of eight FM‐free diets were formulated, four systematically replaced soybean meal (SBM) with soy protein concentrate (SPC) and four replaced PBM with SPC. Based on the results, there is no clear disadvantage to the use of SPC as a replacement for SBM. However, the complete removal of PBM resulted in reduced performance. Two additional growth trials were conducted to supplement additional amino acids including glycine, valine and histidine, a proprietary chemical attractant mix, fish protein concentrate and squid hydrolysate to improve the growth of pompano when fed all‐plant protein diets. The only improvement in performance occurred with the squid hydrolysate. These results demonstrate that using soybean meal, soy protein concentrate and corn gluten meal as the primary protein sources, a plant‐based feed formulation can be developed, but the removal of all animal proteins is not yet feasible.     

Effect of oregano (Origanum onites L.) essential oil on growth,lysozyme and antioxidant activity and resistance against Lactococcus garvieae in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of Origanum onites L. essential oil as feed additives on the growth performance, antioxidant activity and disease resistance of rainbow trout. Fish (26.05 ± 0.15 g) were fed the experimental diets supplemented with four different concentrations (0.125, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.0 mL kg^?1) of O. onites essential oil for 90 days. Fish fed diets containing essential oil of O. onites had significantly higher final weight than the control group. Feed conversion ratio in fish fed diets containing 1.5 and 3.0 mL kg^?1 essential oil of O. onites was improved than other treatments (P < 0.05). The lowest feed conversion efficiency ratio was recorded in the 0.125 mL kg^?1 group of O. onites. Antioxidant status of fish was assayed for levels of plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) and plasma catalase (CAT) activity. Lysozyme activity in plasma was significantly higher in fish fed diet containing 3.0 mL kg^?1 essential oil of O. onites (P < 0.05). After 8 weeks of feeding, fish were challenged with Lactococcus garvieae and cumulative mortality was recorded over 15 days. Dietary administration of 0.125, 1.5 and 2.5 mL kg^?1 O. onites significantly reduced fish mortality (P < 0.05). The 3.0 mL kg^?1 diet showed no mortality after challenged with L. garvieae. These results suggested that the essential oil of O. onites could be applied as growth promoter and also improved disease resistance when added to rainbow trout feed.     

24份枸杞种质资源SSR遗传多样性分析

枸杞是药食同源的植物,具有重要的药用价值和经济价值,枸杞遗传背景复杂,对其种质资源遗传变异和种质资源的遗传背的研究还不充分。本研究对24个枸杞种质资源采用SSR分子标记进行了遗传多样性。在17对SSR引物上共检测到96个条带,其中有59条多态性条带,多态性条带比率为61.5%。每个SSR位点的PIC值为0.37~0.60,平均值为0.45。NTSYS类平均法聚类结果显示,24份枸杞供试品种遗传相似性系数介于0.263?0.954之间,在相似系数0.56处被分为9大类群。这将为进一步开展枸杞种质资源评价、新品种选育和合理利用提供科学院依据。     

定苗时间对峦大杉1年生苗木生长的影响

探究定苗时间对峦大杉苗期生长动态与生长节律影响,优化定苗时间,为育苗提供理论与技术支持。以当年生峦大杉幼苗为试验材料,开展不同定苗时间试验,采用定株观测并应用Logistic方程拟合生长动态的方法,分析定苗时间对苗木生长动态和生长节律的影响效应。研究结果表明,定苗时间影响苗高地径生长效应随处理时间推移而显现,是个动态过程。Logistic方程能够很好地拟合峦大杉苗木生长。定苗时间显著影响苗高、地径线性生长速率、最大线性生长速率和线性生长量,但对苗高地径线性生长始期、终期、线性生长持续期无显著性影响;苗高生长初期定苗较其他处理显著提高苗高和地径的线性生长量线性生长速率、最大线性生长速率,建议增加速生期的养分和水分供给以提高苗木质量。峦大杉合理定苗时间是苗高生长初期（6月30日）。